At the beginning, the Mathematics Department was one of the scientific departments at the Teachers College in Arar, which operated under the umbrella of the Ministry of Education at that time. It began admitting students in the year 1408. Later, the department was incorporated into the College of Science after its establishment on 26/5/1426 AH.

The department offers academic programs covering various fields of mathematical sciences. It offers a Bachelor's program in Mathematics, as well as two other programs: Applied Statistics and Financial Mathematics. Additionally, the department is responsible for teaching mathematics and statistics courses in various colleges of the university, such as the College of Engineering, College of Medicine, College of Nursing, and the College of Applied Medical Sciences.

The department comprises a distinguished faculty who not only excel in teaching but also contribute to scientific research, enriching human knowledge, and serving the community. 

Through its diverse programs and the educational environment, the department aims to offer a distinctive educational experience, preparing qualified individuals capable of engaging in the global job market and contributing to community development.